ABSTRACT
Functional rehabilitation remains an important factor in the post-operative period following tongue cancer surgeries. Patients undergoing surgery for tongue cancers require intense rehabilitation in order to restore their swallowing function, and improve their nutritional status and quality of life. Various swallowing scales like the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Performance status scale in head and neck cancer (PSSHNC) and 100 ml water swallow test are used to assess functionality in these patients. These aid in timely assessment and early intervention for better rehabilitation, in turn improving quality of life. Nasogastric tube (NG) or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) aids in providing adequate nutrition in the immediate post-operative period and during adjuvant therapy to overcome radiation-induced dysphagia.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Deglutition , Tongue Neoplasms , Humans , Deglutition/radiation effects , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Enteral Nutrition , Gastrostomy , Quality of Life , Tongue Neoplasms/surgery , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Endoscopy, GastrointestinalABSTRACT
Knowledge about variations in mylohyoid muscle and submental artery is essential for maxillofacial surgeons, as these structures are commonly encountered in maxillofacial ablative and reconstructive surgery. While cadaveric and radiologic studies on mylohyoid variations have been documented in the literature, we report an intraoperative variation observed in relation to mylohyoid muscle and submental artery.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) regulates local glucocorticoid action in tissues by catalysing conversion of inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids. 11ß-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates obesity and associated co-morbidities. Here, we tested the effect of 11ß-HSD inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX) on obesity and associated comorbidities in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain, a new animal model for genetic obesity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Subcutaneous injection of CBX (50 mg/kg body weight) or volume-matched vehicle was given once daily for four weeks to three month-old WNIN/Ob lean and obese rats (nâ=â6 for each phenotype and for each treatment). Body composition, plasma lipids and hormones were assayed. Hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue morphology, inflammation and fibrosis were also studied. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance were determined along with tissue glycogen content. Gene expressions were determined in liver and adipose tissue. CBX significantly inhibited 11ß-HSD1 activity in liver and adipose tissue of WNIN/Ob lean and obese rats. CBX significantly decreased body fat percentage, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance in obese rats. CBX ameliorated hepatic steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in obese rats. Tissue glycogen content was significantly decreased by CBX in liver and adipose tissue of obese rats. Severe fat loss and glucose- intolerance were observed in lean rats after CBX treatment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that 11ß-HSD1 inhibition by CBX decreases obesity and associated co-morbidities in WNIN/Ob obese rats. Our study supports the hypothesis that inhibition of 11ß-HSD1 is a key strategy to treat metabolic syndrome. Severe fat loss and glucose -intolerance by CBX treatment in lean rats suggest that chronic 11ß-HSD1 inhibition may lead to insulin resistance in normal conditions.
